Explain the measures to control Inflation.

MEASURES TO CONTROL INFLATION

Inflation can be controlled by the following measures.

  • MONETARY MEASURES
  • FISCAL MEASURES
  • MISCELLANEOUS MEASURES
Monetary Measures:

Measure taken by the central bank to control the money supply are called monetary measures or monetary policy. The monetary measures are as under:

Bank Rate:

The central bank of the country rediscount the bills of exchanges presented by the commercial banks. This discount rate is also known as bank rate.

Open Market Operation:

The supply of money decreases in the open market and the level of prices increases. The central bank of country can control the inflation with the help of controlling the money supply in the open market.

Change in Reserve Ratio:

Another important method or measure to control the inflation is that, the central bank can control the inflation in the country by raising the reserve ratio to control the amount of money.

Increase in Margin Requirements:

An increase in the marginal requirement reduces the amount of money that can be borrowed. Then the prices decrease with the decrease in supply of money.

Credit Rationing:

The central bank can restrict the amount of loan that a commercial bank can obtain from central bank. In this way, the prices can be controlled.

Fiscal Measures:

To control inflation there are also some fiscal measures which are as under:

Decrease in Government Expenditure:

The government makes remarkable cuts in its unnecessary and non productive expenditure. This will lead to reduce inflationary pressure.


New Taxes:

Another way of controlling inflation is that, sometimes the government impose new tax with intent to reduce purchasing power of people which results in low demand of product and services.

Encouragement of Savings:

The government starts saving schemes for the encouragement of savings. The decrease in the demand of goods and services will be a cause of decreasing prices.

Decrease Public Borrowing:

Reduction in government borrowing will leads to decrease in the supply of money and prices.

MISCELLANEOUS MEASURES


To control inflation, the miscellaneous measures are as follows:



Decrease in Exports:


The supply of basic necessities (wheat, rice, sugar etc.) increases in the market by decreasing in exports of these items. Therefore, the price level decreases with the increase in supply of goods.


Increase in Imports:


Such basic necessities which are not available in the country should be imported, The supply of these goods can be increased in market to increase their imports and the prices will also decrease.


Decrease In cost of Production:


The cost of production decreases by controlling wages, provision pf raw material, modern methods of production, efficient allocation of resources etc. The production level increase and prices of goods decrease.


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